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Notes hubContract Law
Free Irish Contract Law notes and exam-focused case explainers.
Notes hubConstitutional Law
Free Irish Constitutional Law notes and case explainers.
Notes hubCriminal Law
Free Irish Criminal Law notes and case explainers.
Notes hubLaw of Tort
Free Irish Tort Law notes and case explainers.
Notes hubLand Law
Free Irish Land Law notes and case explainers.
Notes hubFamily Law
Free Irish Family Law notes and explainers.
Notes hubCompany Law
Free Irish Company Law notes: directors’ duties and lifting the corporate veil.
Notes hubIrish Legal System
Free notes on the courts, precedent and the legal profession.
Free case & topic explainers
Criminal LawActus Reus & Mens Rea
The building blocks of criminal liability — acts and omissions, causation, intention and recklessness, and strict liability.
Criminal LawNon-Fatal Offences Against the Person
The 1997 Act ladder — assault, assault causing harm and causing serious harm, and the mens rea for each.
Criminal LawTheft & Fraud Offences
Theft under the 2001 Act — dishonesty, appropriation and the intention to deprive, and the offences around it.
Criminal LawAttempts, Conspiracy & Incitement
Where preparation ends and attempt begins, the mens rea of attempt, impossibility, and how conspiracy differs.
Criminal LawAccomplice Liability & Joint Enterprise
Principals and accessories — aiding, abetting, counselling and procuring, joint enterprise and withdrawal.
Criminal LawInsanity & Diminished Responsibility
The two mental-disorder defences under the 2006 Act — the verdicts available, what each requires, and the burden of proof.
Tort LawOccupiers’ Liability
The 1995 Act — who is an occupier, the three categories of entrant, and the duty owed to each.
Tort LawMedical Negligence
The professional standard of care in Irish law, the Dunne principles, advice and disclosure, and causation.
Tort LawEmployers’ Liability
The employer’s personal, non-delegable duty — competent staff, safe plant, safe place and safe system.
Tort LawDefamation
What makes a statement defamatory, publication and identification, and the main defences under the 2009 Act.
Tort LawNuisance & Rylands v Fletcher
Unreasonable interference with land, who can sue, defences and remedies — and where the strict-liability rule fits.
Tort LawTrespass to the Person
Assault, battery and false imprisonment as torts — the elements of each and why they are actionable per se.
Contract LawExclusion Clauses & Unfair Terms
Incorporation, construction against the party relying on the clause, and the statutory controls on unfair terms.
Contract LawMisrepresentation
What counts as an actionable misstatement, the fraudulent/negligent/innocent categories, inducement and remedies.
Contract LawDischarge & Frustration
How a contract ends — performance, agreement, breach and frustration — with the frustration test and its limits.
Contract LawRemedies & Damages
The expectation and reliance measures, remoteness and mitigation, and when equity adds specific performance.
Constitutional LawUnenumerated Rights (Article 40.3.1°)
Where the personal rights come from, the cases that identified them, and the modern judicial caution.
Land LawJoint Tenancy vs Tenancy in Common
The four unities, the right of survivorship, why equity leans against a joint tenancy, and severance.
Family LawDomestic Violence Orders
Safety, barring, interim barring, emergency barring and protection orders — who can apply and the test applied.
Irish Legal SystemEU Law in the Irish Legal Order
Supremacy, direct and indirect effect, the constitutional licence for membership, and preliminary references.
Constitutional LawSeparation of Powers
How the Constitution splits legislative, executive and judicial power — delegation, the principles-and-policies test and the administration of justice.
Tort LawPsychiatric Injury (Nervous Shock)
Nervous shock in negligence — the Kelly v Hennessy criteria, recognised illness versus grief, and the policy limits.
Land LawEasements
The four characteristics, dominant and servient tenements, and how easements are created and acquired by prescription.
Family LawGuardianship in Ireland
Who is a guardian, how guardianship is acquired, how it differs from custody and access, and removal under s.8.
Criminal LawSelf-Defence
Reasonable force in the circumstances as believed, the dwelling regime, retreat and excessive force.
Irish Legal SystemStatutory Interpretation
The literal and purposive approaches, the Interpretation Act 2005, and the presumptions and maxims courts use.
Contract Law · Notes hubAll Contract Law notes
Free Irish Contract Law notes and exam-focused explainers, gathered in one place and linked into the complete Contract Law course. View all Contract Law notes →
Constitutional LawCrotty v An Taoiseach: Sovereignty & EU Treaties
Why Ireland votes on every major EU treaty — what the Supreme Court decided, and how Pringle and Costello refined it.
Contract LawOffer vs Invitation to Treat
Why adverts, shop displays and price lists usually aren't offers — and when they are.
Contract LawIntention to Create Legal Relations
The domestic and commercial presumptions, how they're rebutted, and the objective test.
Criminal LawMurder vs Manslaughter in Irish Law
The intent for murder under s.4 CJA 1964, provocation, and involuntary manslaughter.
Law of TortDuty of Care in Irish Negligence Law
The four-stage Glencar test — foreseeability, proximity, just and reasonable, and policy.
Land LawAdverse Possession in Ireland
The 12-year rule, factual possession and animus possidendi, and how a squatter defeats a paper owner.
Family LawDivorce in Ireland
The living-apart period, proper provision, and how divorce differs from judicial separation.
Family LawChild Custody & Access in Ireland
The welfare/best-interests principle, and how guardianship, custody and access differ.
Irish Legal SystemThe Doctrine of Precedent & Stare Decisis
Ratio vs obiter, vertical and horizontal precedent, and how a court escapes a precedent.
Irish Legal SystemSolicitor vs Barrister in Ireland
The divided profession, rights of audience, senior counsel, and how each one trains.
Irish Legal SystemThe Courts of Ireland Explained
District to Supreme, each court's jurisdiction and appeal routes, plus the Special Criminal Court.
Contract LawUndue Influence in Irish Contract Law
Actual vs presumed influence, the relationships that raise the presumption, and how it reaches bank guarantees.
Contract LawOffer and Acceptance
The objective test, valid acceptance and its communication, the silence rule, prescribed methods, and how offers terminate.
Contract LawThe Postal Rule
Acceptance complete on posting, when the rule does and doesn't apply, instantaneous communications, and the revocation timing trap.
Contract LawConsideration
The four rules of consideration, existing-duty problems and part-payment of a debt — with the leading Irish authorities.
Contract LawPromissory Estoppel
The equitable exception to consideration: High Trees, shield-not-sword, suspension of rights and the Irish position.
Six subjects covered and growing — new explainers added regularly.